Plant Characteristics:

Plant Size: The sesame plant (Sesamum indicum) typically ranges in height from 2 to 4 feet.
Plant Type: Sesame is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Pedaliaceae family. It is cultivated for its seeds, which are commonly used in culinary applications.
Taste: Hulled sesame seeds have a nutty, mild, and slightly sweet flavor, which becomes more pronounced when toasted.
Color: The seeds are typically small and flat, with a creamy-white or pale ivory color.

Cultivation:

Soil Type: Sesame thrives in well-draining sandy loam or loamy soils. It can adapt to a variety of soil types but prefers pH-neutral to slightly alkaline soils.
Regions of Production: Sesame is grown globally, with major producers including India, China, Sudan, Myanmar, and Tanzania. In India, the primary regions for sesame cultivation are Gujarat, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
Maturity Period: Sesame plants usually mature in 90 to 120 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Environmental Conditions: Sesame is a warm-season crop that requires full sun and warm temperatures for optimal growth. It is drought-tolerant and can withstand high temperatures.

Physical Properties and Ingredients:

Physical Properties: Hulled sesame seeds are small, flat, and oval-shaped. They measure about 2-4 mm in length and 1-2 mm in width. The hulls (outer layers) have been removed to reveal the creamy-white interior.
Ingredients: Sesame seeds are rich in essential nutrients such as healthy fats, protein, fiber, vitamins (B-complex), and minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus). They are also a good source of antioxidants and lignans.

Post-Harvest Handling and Storage:

Shelf Life: Hulled sesame seeds have a relatively long shelf life. When stored properly in a cool, dry place in an airtight container, they can remain fresh for up to two years.
Storage Conditions: To maintain freshness and prevent rancidity, store sesame seeds in a cool (around 15°C or 59°F), dark, and dry environment. Refrigeration is optional but can extend shelf life.

Uses and Consumers:

Culinary Uses: Hulled sesame seeds are a versatile ingredient used in a wide range of culinary applications. They are often sprinkled on top of bread, buns, and bagels. Sesame oil is extracted from the seeds and is a popular cooking oil in many parts of the world. The seeds can also be ground into tahini (sesame paste) and used in sauces, dips, and dressings.
Snacks: Roasted sesame seeds are a common snack and can be found in various forms, such as sesame bars and sesame-coated snacks.
Bakery Products: Sesame seeds are a popular topping for baked goods like cookies, crackers, and pastries.
Salads and Vegetables: They are often used as a garnish for salads and roasted vegetables, adding texture and flavor.
Asian Cuisine: In Asian cuisine, sesame seeds and oil are integral ingredients in dishes like sushi, stir-fries, and noodle dishes.
Health Benefits: Sesame seeds are considered nutritious and are valued for their potential health benefits, including heart health, bone health, and antioxidant properties.

In summary, hulled sesame seeds are prized for their mild, nutty flavor and versatility in cooking. They are cultivated in warm regions around the world, with India being a significant producer. Their nutritional value and various culinary applications make them a valuable ingredient enjoyed by people across the globe.